Fondazione Marisa Bellisario

UN’AZIONE SISTEMICA, INTEGRATA, STRUTTURALE

di Elena Bonetti*

La giornata del 25 novembre anche questo anno è segnata dal dolore per la vita spezzata di un’altra donna. Giulia Cecchettin non è un numero nell’elenco, insopportabile alle nostre coscienze, delle vittime di violenza di genere che ogni anno inesorabilmente non diminuisce. Giulia una donna che aveva diritto di essere libera, di laurearsi in ingegneria, di realizzare i propri sogni. Di vivere.

Se è vero che la violenza maschile contro le donne non può definirsi un’emergenza, perché sistemico in una società ancora pervasa dalla subcultura della prevaricazione maschile sul femminile, è altrettanto evidente che agire per contrastarla è un’urgenza non rimandabile.

La convenzione di Istanbul lo richiama con chiarezza: per farlo serve un’azione sistemica, integrata, strutturale. Il nostro Paese ha assunto questa visione nel dotarsi, per legge dal 2021, di una strategia nazionale di contrasto la violenza maschile contro le donne, che realizzi la prevenzione, la protezione delle vittime, la punizione dei colpevoli, la promozione della libertà delle donne (le cosiddette 4 “P”). La strategia nazionale non è un libro dei sogni ma un vero e proprio capitolato di azione e obiettivi che le amministrazioni di tutti i livelli sono chiamati ad attuare. Nella strategia approvata dal Governo Draghi, in particolare, si pone l’accento sulla necessità di azioni di prevenzione attraverso l’educazione alla parità di genere nelle scuole e nelle università e alla formazione, che deve diventare obbligatoria, di tutti i soggetti coinvolti nell’azione di contrasto alla violenza. Magistrati, forza dell’ordine, operatori sanitari devono avere una formazione specifica per poter riconoscere la violenza e mettere in campo tutti gli strumenti necessari per proteggere e sostenere le vittime. La rete dei centri anti violenza e delle case rifugio rappresenta anche in questo una risorsa fondamentale.

È stata recentemente portata a termine l’approvazione di una legge per aumentare gli strumenti a nostra disposizione per proteggere le donne e prevenire l’escalation della cosiddetta spirale della violenza, intercettando i reati sentinella e intervenendo in modo tempestivo. Si tratta di un disegno di legge a firma mia e delle ministre Cartabia e Lamorgese a cui avevo lavorato nel Governo Draghi anche con le ministre Carfagna e Gelmini. Il Governo Meloni lo ha fatto proprio portandolo ad approvazione, in segno di una continuità e trasversalità dell’azione legislativa in questa materia. Si tratta di una legge che rafforza strumenti come l’ammonimento, l’utilizzo del braccialetto elettronico, l’obbligo di allontanamento e introduce l’arresto in flagranza differita e la vigilanza dinamica per proteggere le donne vittime di violenza.

Troppo spesso però le donne non denunciano perché sono economicamente dipendenti dal partner violento. La violenza economica è anch’essa un fenomeno diffuso, in molti casi non riconosciuta come tale. È fondamentale quindi creare le condizioni perché le donne si sentano libere di ricostruire una vita autonoma per loro e per i loro figli. L’introduzione del reddito di libertà e del microcredito di libertà hanno costituito un passo avanti fondamentale. Sono 12 milioni quelli investiti nel reddito di libertà nella scorsa legislatura e sono soddisfatta che il Governo Meloni dopo ver diminuito il fondo lo scorso anno abbia accolto la nostra richiesta di finanziarlo in modo strutturale con 6 milioni all’anno. Il microcredito di libertà è anch’esso uno strumento di empowerment per le donne vittime di violenza perché sostiene l’inserimento lavorativo e la costruzione di una vita autonoma.

Il Presidente Mattarella ci richiama al fatto che “la violenza contro le donne è un’aperta violazione dei diritti umani” e per questo il nostro Paese deve ripudiarla e agire con determinazione e tenacia costante per eradicarla. È un dovere civile e umano, che si fonda sui principi costituzionali e che ci impone di agire adesso, per le donne di oggi e quelle di domani. Per tutte le donne. Che meritano di vivere, libere.

Elena Bonetti, *Deputata, Commissione parlamentare di inchiesta sul femminicidio, nonché su ogni forma di violenza di genere

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