Fondazione Marisa Bellisario

LA DONNA CHE PARLAVA AI COMPUTER

di Carlo Alberto Carnevale Maffè*

Lavorare con l’AI generativa tramite il “prompt engineering”: un’opportunità per l’imprenditoria femminile

La rivoluzione delle tecnologie digitali che utilizzano il linguaggio naturale, come ChatGPT, apre nuove prospettive per l’imprenditorialità femminile innovativa. Finora, la scarsa presenza delle donne nei percorsi di studio e di carriera STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) nonché la strutturale difficoltà di conciliare vita professionale e familiare, hanno in diversi modi limitato il contributo femminile all’imprenditorialità nell’innovazione tecnologica. Per quanto negli ultimi anni, secondo l’ultimo rapporto Unioncamere sull’imprenditorialità femminile, le imprese femminili nei settori della tecnologia siano cresciute notevolmente, rimane infatti ancora alto il gap di genere: sono infatti a guida femminile solo il 26% delle imprese nel settore tech in Italia. Tuttavia, le imprenditrici italiane hanno anche mostrato una maggiore propensione a investire nel digitale e nel green, due ambiti strategici per la ripresa economica e sociale del Paese, in coerenza con le “twin transitions” volute dalla Commissione Europea e incorporata nelle missioni di riforma e investimento del PNRR. La specifica attitudine femminile alla sintesi emerge specialmente quando le imprese intendono integrare gli investimenti digitali nei propri processi interni a livello di produzione o di organizzazione: i tassi di crescita superano le due cifre nel caso delle imprese femminili (16,5%), superando il 9,9% nel caso delle imprese non femminili, delineando così uno stacco di ben 6,6 punti percentuali a favore dell’imprenditoria rosa.

Il rapido sviluppo dei sistemi di intelligenza artificiale generativa basati su Large Language Model (LLM) sta abbassando le barriere all’utilizzo delle tecnologie di intelligenza artificiale, e richiede sempre di più la capacità di governare le sfumature del linguaggio, senza necessariamente disporre della competenza tecnica per scrivere linee di codice. Si tratta, in estrema sintesi, di imparare a parlare con ChatGPT, provvedendo a istruirlo con le indicazioni, in semplice lingua italiana, affinché restituisca l’output atteso. Il “prompt engineering”, ovvero la competenza per progettare input o query che guidano il comportamento dei LLM, costituisce una nuova opportunità per sfruttare le specifiche caratteristiche dell’imprenditorialità e dell’innovazione femminile. Il prompt engineering  richiede creatività e curiosità nel trovare nuovi modi di usare i large language models per generare valore e innovazione, capacità di comunicazione e scrittura, per scegliere le parole, le frasi, i simboli e i formati più adatti per guidare il modello nella generazione di testi di alta qualità e rilevanza, ma anche sensibilità etica e consapevolezza dei potenziali rischi e bias associati ai large language models, come la riproduzione di stereotipi, pregiudizi o informazioni false.

Il prompt engineering è un ruolo adatto a persone con diverse competenze e attitudini, non necessariamente legate alla scienza informatica. Anche persone con esperienze in ambiti come la scrittura, la ricerca storica o l’insegnamento possono diventare buoni prompt engineer, se hanno curiosità e voglia di imparare. Non esiste una correlazione tra il genere e la capacità di fare il prompt engineering, quindi sia le professionalità femminili che quelle maschili possono svolgere questo ruolo con successo.

Queste nuove caratteristiche dell’AI generativa la rendono uno dei settori più promettenti e più sfidanti per le imprenditrici. L’AI generativa può offrire soluzioni innovative per risolvere problemi complessi in diversi ambiti, come la salute, l’educazione, l’ambiente, la cultura, la sicurezza; tuttavia, se non correttamente utilizzata, può anche riprodurre e amplificare i bias di genere presenti nei dati e negli algoritmi. Per questo è importante che le donne siano coinvolte nella progettazione, nello sviluppo e nell’uso dell’AI, portando le loro competenze, le loro esperienze e le loro prospettive. Le donne possono arricchire il settore dell’AI con la loro sensibilità etica, sociale e ambientale, con la loro capacità di collaborare e comunicare, con la loro visione olistica e sistemica. L’imprenditorialità femminile nel settore delle tecnologie digitali e dell’intelligenza artificiale è quindi una leva per favorire l’inclusione, la diversità e la sostenibilità. Le donne hanno il potenziale per essere protagoniste della trasformazione digitale e della quarta rivoluzione industriale. Per farlo hanno bisogno di formazione, sostegno, networking e empowerment. E soprattutto hanno bisogno di credere in se stesse e nelle loro capacità.

*SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University

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