di Federica Garbolino*
A oltre un anno dall’apertura del primo sportello sull’imprenditorialità femminile, abbiamo raccolto osservazioni e commenti da parte delle imprese che hanno fatto richiesta del contributo a valere sulla Legge di bilancio 2021 e sull’Investimento 1.2 (Creazione imprese femminili) della Missione 5 del PNRR (Inclusione e Coesione), per un valore complessivo di 400 ml di euro distribuiti fra gli incentivi del Fondo Impresa Femminile, Smart&Start Italia e Nuove Imprese a Tasso Zero.
La prima riflessione, comune a tutte le imprenditrici, riguarda la composizione delle spese ammissibili. Viviamo nell’era dello smart working, del nomadismo digitale, della virtual collaboration e degli asset intangibili, un’epoca in cui l’uso dei beni ha sostituito il loro possesso: anche il software e l’hardware si acquistano in as a service per il tempo necessario, così come la produzione avviene spesso avvalendosi di impianti affittati da terze parti. Le aziende moderne hanno bisogno di strutture leggere e flessibili; con una bassa componente di investimenti in macchinari, impianti, muri e hardware (che sono invece le principali voci finanziate dall’incentivo) e un alto investimento in risorse umane e capitale intellettuale. Questo è particolarmente vero per le imprese creative e per quelle cosiddette brain intensive, a cui spesso appartengono le imprese femminili che sono maggiormente in grado di produrre innovazione targata Made in Italy.
Una seconda considerazione attiene alla fase di avvio di un’impresa, spesso particolarmente difficile quando manca la disponibilità di cassa iniziale. Gli incentivi generalmente prevedono che l’anticipo possa essere dato solo a fronte di una fideiussione, arduo da ottenere senza garanzie a copertura. Ragioniamo allora su formule alternative alla fideiussione, magari ispirandoci alle pratiche del microcredito. Altra grande rivoluzione che cambierebbe drasticamente in meglio il panorama della neo impresa sarebbe il taglio al 50% della contribuzione INPS per i primi 12 mesi. Oggi l’INPS in misura fissa risulta in molti casi insostenibile.
In terza battuta, viene evidenziata la necessità di una definizione univoca di impresa femminile. Se osservate le definizioni presenti nei vari incentivi, noterete che sono diverse fra loro, il che può generare confusione, nonché difficoltà nella partecipazione alle domande di finanziamento.
Infine, viene coralmente posta l’attenzione sul fatto che il denaro, da solo, non basta per far decollare un’impresa. Lo abbiamo detto tante volte. Occorrono competenze, coraggio, visione del futuro. Non perdiamo quindi l’occasione di attuare le misure previste dal capo V del Fondo Impresa Donna che destinava 46,2 ml euro alla formazione, promozione e diffusione della cultura imprenditoriale e STEM fra le donne. In particolare, per sostenere la creazione di start up, occorrono percorsi professionali che rendano le materie STEM appetibili agli occhi dell’universo femminile. La formazione di una cultura finanziaria, tecnologica e imprenditoriale andrebbe coltivata e aggiornata a tutte le età, a partire dal livello scolastico, sia perché le competenze imprenditoriali – come ci dice anche l’Unione Europea – sono competenze per la vita, sia perché le giovani donne hanno oggi più bisogno che mai di una progettualità professionale e di una prospettiva verso cui proiettarsi, in un contesto troppo spesso appiattato sul presente e basato sull’effimera realtà di un post. Alla formazione vanno poi affiancati modelli a cui ispirarsi, storie e mentor da cui imparare, connessioni virtuose con le associazioni che sono vicine alle donne.
Come donne e come Fondazione, auspichiamo che il Fondo Impresa Donna venga rifinanziato e che fare l’imprenditrice diventi una prospettiva professionale sempre più diffusa, concreta e percorribile da tutte le donne che hanno un progetto da realizzare e che vogliono accedere a un’autonomia economica che è spesso anche sinonimo di autonomia psicologica e di scelte di vita.
* già segretario Comitato Impresa Donna
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