di Monica Mosca*
È uno dei volti femminili più noti di SkyTG24, dove lavora fin da quando era ragazza. La conoscete tutti, perché è stata corrispondente da Bruxelles, poi dagli Stati Uniti e infine da Londra. Ora è Head of International News del canale ed anche è la conduttrice di “Mondo”, l’appuntamento quotidiano preserale dedicato alle “storie più belle e ai nuovi equilibri internazionali”.
Con Liliana Faccioli Pintozzi, in occasione dell’8 marzo abbiamo fatto il punto sulle donne nel mondo del giornalismo, le giornaliste in prima linea per le battaglie sui diritti civili ma anche al fronte, in questi tempi di guerra.
«Era il 1993 quando vidi in Tv la stretta di mano alla Casa Bianca fra il leader dell’OLP Arafat e il primo ministro israeliano Rabin, sotto gli occhi del presidente degli Stati Uniti Clinton: quel giorno capii che avrei voluto essere dove succedono le cose», dice.
«Ho avuto anche fortuna, perché sono stata per anni al centro di avvenimenti storici che ho potuto raccontare. Ad Haiti il terremoto, nell’Afghanistan in guerra, e poi la morte di Papa Giovanni Paolo II e ancora negli Stati Uniti a seguire l’amministrazione Obama e nelle strade americane a testimoniare il movimento Black Lives Matter, fino alle elezioni di Trump nel 2017».
Una corsa intorno al mondo e alle notizie più importanti. «La voce e il racconto delle giornaliste valgono e servono non solo per le grandi interviste, certo fondamentali, ma anche per l’impatto che hanno sul pubblico, sia in Tv che sulla carta stampata», spiega Faccioli Pintozzi. «Quello delle donne è un piano di ascolto e di lettura aggiuntivo rispetto a ciò che fanno i colleghi uomini, perché noi poniamo sempre una domanda in più. Andiamo per natura anche sull’aspetto sociale e alle radici delle vicende. Se fai un reportage da un fronte di guerra, dove ci sono civili feriti e mancano cibo ed elettricità, ci colpiscono anche gli aspetti più concreti: ma come mangi, come campi, e poi la scuola, il lavoro… Siamo abituate a spacchettare il problema e a creare percorsi di possibilità. La capacità di raccontare e di emozionare delle giornaliste, quelle brave, è unica. Non va dimenticato, poi, che per le reporter di guerra c’è un fronte in più, quello della violenza sessuale. Evidentemente le donne sono più esposte degli uomini. Gli stupri di guerra sono ormai sdoganati come armi da combattimento: avere scritto Press sul giubbotto antiproiettili non basta a salvarti».
Sempre più donne sono protagoniste sul campo e in prima linea, ma in Italia ancora non accade per le donne ai vertici delle Tv o dei giornali. «In realtà a Sky la parità di genere è già un valore. Al coordinamento Esteri siano due donne e un uomo, nell’ufficio centrale sono un terzo donne e due terzi uomini. È vero, però, in generale al timone di giornali e Tv importanti le giornaliste non sono quante gli uomini. In guerra sì, perché sono capaci, coraggiose, acute. Al comando… ni».
«Fa invece la differenza avere donne al timone, perché l’informazione diventa uno specchio più fedele della società», ragiona Faccioli Pintozzi.
«Credo molto nel fatto che il capo sia una figura di riferimento, un modello di ruolo cui ispirarsi e dal quale imparare. Io spero che vedendo me, altre donne pensino: lo posso fare anch’io. Sono convinta che il compito di chi arriva in cima alla catena di comando sia quello di fare squadra e di insegnare ai giovani la professione, la serietà e l’impegno».
Ai giovani, maschi e femmine, va trasmessa anche l’urgenza che ha l’informazione di non perdere mai il focus sui diritti delle donne. In molti Paesi ancora negati, o inesistenti.
«Nel 2022, mentre mezzo mondo scendeva in piazza per la morte in Iran di Masha Amini, ‘colpevole’ di avere indossato male il velo, mi sono resa conto che come redazione Esteri, a parte la guerra in Ucraina, tutto ciò che raccontavamo era legato alle donne e ai loro diritti. La negazione dell’aborto negli Stati Uniti, le proteste di piazza per i diritti civili calpestati, la battaglia delle donne afghane per l’istruzione e la vita. Un panorama desolante che invocava azioni.
Da questa riflessione è nato il mio libro ‘Figlie di Eva’, che è cronaca, ma anche racconto e saggio. Scrivendolo ho avuto il tempo di approfondire, la stesura del libro è stata un’occasione per interiorizzare diritti e parità e per studiare. Ecco, alle giovani giornaliste dico anche di non smettere mai di studiare e di non scoraggiarsi: non conosco una bella professione che sia semplice».
Nel libro l’aspetto che forse sorprende di più è l’attenzione posta sugli Stati Uniti come Paese che non rispetta le donne. Noi li prendiamo come esempio di libertà e democrazia, e invece?
«Negli Stati Uniti, dove ho vissuto a lungo, non c’è diritto alla maternità, ad esempio. Per legge federale le donne hanno pochissimi giorni di congedo. Sono anche il Paese dove l’aborto è stato vietato ma vengono praticate le sterilizzazioni di massa forzate sulle minoranze. Negli iper civili e democratici Stati Uniti, il corpo delle donne è un campo di battaglia. In Italia però li vediamo come modello, invece di guardare ad esempio alla Svezia».
*Giornalista
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