di Floriana Cerniglia*
L’impatto della pandemia sulle donne dei Paesi ricchi è stato molto forte. Nei Paesi più poveri del mondo è stato ancora più grave, peggiorando una situazione di partenza già molto compromessa. In questi Paesi le disuguaglianze di genere sono molto accentuate. Ad esempio, lo “status economico” delle donne non dipende esclusivamente dalla loro posizione nel mercato del lavoro (gap salariali rispetto agli uomini o accesso alle posizioni apicali) ma anche dai “diritti”, anche con riferimento ai diritti di proprietà, di cui esse molto spesso non possono godere all’interno del nucleo familiare.
Agli effetti della pandemia tra le donne dei Paesi del Sud del mondo è dedicato il primo numero del 2022 della rivista Economia Politica. Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, (il Mulino/Springer https://link.springer.com/journal/40888/volumes-and-issues/39-1) di cui Alberto Quadrio Curzio è Editor-in-chief.
Trattasi di una Special Issue dal titolo “Women, Pandemics and the Global South” che si compone di dodici articoli selezionati tra i migliori studi internazionali che sono stati fatti sul tema. A questa selezione, durata più di un anno, si sono dedicati i curatori del numero che, oltre me, sono Amartya Sen, Premio Nobel per l’economia, Bina Agarwal, economista dello sviluppo e vincitrice del Premio Balzan, Alberto Quadrio Curzio, Presidente Emerito dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Ragupathy Venkatachalam, Direttore dell’Institute of Management Studies, Goldsmiths, University of London, Jennifer Thomson, Presidente dell’Organizzazione delle donne scienziate del Sud del mondo (OWSD).
Gli articoli – come spiego nell’introduzione con Bina Agarwal e Ragupathy Venkatachalam – raccolgono dati e presentano analisi originali intorno agli effetti diretti e indiretti della pandemia, ad esempio maggiore difficoltà di accesso al cibo. Si presentano anche esempi di risposte positive alla pandemia. Alcuni sostegni pubblici per mitigare gli effetti della pandemia sono stati particolarmente efficaci quando le autorità pubblica hanno lavorato in forte sinergia con le comunità locali dove molto importante è il ruolo delle donne. Questo emerge soprattutto in India.
Un unicum di questo numero speciale è anche il fatto di voler portare nel dibattito pubblico il ruolo delle donne nella scienza. Amartya Sen apre il suo editoriale scrivendo che deve la sua vita a una scienziata: Marie Curie. Fu grazie alle sue scoperte che, come riferisce ai lettori, poté curare un tumore alla gola diagnosticatogli all’età di 18 anni. L’importanza cruciale delle donne nella scienza è ulteriormente evidenziata nell’editoriale di Alberto Quadrio Curzio che ben illustra le attività e gli ambiti d’azione dell’Organizzazione delle donne scienziate del Sud del mondo (https://owsd.net/) e di cui è un Ambassador. Trattasi di un programma Unesco che raggruppa circa 10 mila scienziate del mondo in via di sviluppo, promuove con numerose iniziative le donne nella scienza (anche con borse di studio per giovani scienziate) e rappresenta quindi un riferimento politico-sociale internazionale.
*Direttore del Cranec presso l’Università Cattolica
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