Nel 2017 il 68% dei nuovi ingressi è composto da donne, sono la maggioranza nelle professioni mediche e umanistiche ma ancora troppo poche tra gli informatici e gli ingegneri
Leggendo il Rapporto 2018 sulle libere professioni non ci sono dubbi: le donne avanzano e in alcuni casi hanno operato il sorpasso. La ragione è semplice: in media si laureano prima e meglio dei colleghi uomini, non mancano di determinazione e intraprendenza, sono pronte al sacrificio e al lavoro duro. In poche parole sono brave, spesso più brave degli uomini.
La loro presenza tra i liberi professionisti è ancora una minoranza (35% la media nazionale) ma dal 2009 al 2017 hanno registrato una crescita del 53%. E nel 2017, il 68% dei 255.231 nuovi ingressi è composto da donne. “Con una variazione positiva che si attesta sulle 176mila unità (dal 2009) le donne hanno trainato la crescita delle libere professioni” si legge nel rapporto. E sebbene il Sud resti come sempre indietro (29% le libere professioniste meridionali contro il 39% del Centro-Nord), il divario è certo mano marcato di quello che l’Istat certifica sul fronte dell’occupazione. Significa che dove il mercato del lavoro latita e preferisce tenere a casa le donne, loro si rimboccano le maniche e fanno da sole.
Che il trend sia in netta crescita e prospetti a breve un totale riequilibrio di genere nel comparto delle libere professioni lo conferma la parità già raggiunta tra i professionisti sotto i 35 anni : 51 % uomini, 49% donne. Certo si spera che la nuova generazione di professioniste si diriga anche verso quelle professioni che restano ancora stretto appannaggio maschile. Se infatti le donne sono ormai la maggioranza, in alcuni casi schiacciante, tra psicologi, biologi, professioni paramediche ed educative, avvocati, veterinari e specialisti in scienze umane (sono donne l’82% degli psicologi, il 74% dei biologi e il 60% dei veterinari), restano una netta minoranza in altre. Appena il 7% tra i geologi, il 12% tra gli agenti di commercio, il 15% tra gli esperti informatici, il 17% tra gli ingegneri e purtroppo anche il 19% tra gli amministratori e dirigenti aziendali.
Un gap che parte certamente dalla scelta degli studi e su cui bisogna continuare un lavoro di sensibilizzazione. Le ragazze, infatti, continuano a scegliere più spesso materie umanistiche perché per decenni è stato detto loro di non essere “portate” per le STEM: abbattere gli stereotipi in questo senso è fondamentale e avrà ripercussioni anche in una più equilibrata distribuzione anche nel settore delle professioni. D’altro canto qualche frutto comincia a vedersi. Se infatti le laureate in ingegneria continuano a essere solo il 28%, sono in maggioranza donne le iscritte a Ingegneria edile (56,9%) e Ingegneria Biomedica (quasi 60%).
Più di 30 anni fa Marisa Bellisario invitava le ragazze a intraprendere percorsi scientifici, in cui secondo lei c’erano le maggiori possibilità di occupazione ed emancipazione per le donne. La Fondazione Marisa Bellisario ha tanto creduto nelle sue parole che da trent’anni premia le migliori neolaureate in materie scientifiche. Lo facciamo perché crediamo sia necessario mettere le STEM al centro del sistema educativo e formativo ma anche cambiarne la narrativa. Bisogna raccontare alle ragazze che lì ci sono le maggiori e migliori opportunità di lavoro e che possono competere ad armi pari con i loro colleghi.
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