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ARTICOLO 4

295 commenti / Blog, Le protagoniste, Newsletter / Di

di Elisabetta Colapietro*

La Repubblica riconosce a tutti i cittadini il diritto al lavoro e promuove le condizioni che rendano effettivo questo diritto. Ogni cittadino ha il dovere di svolgere, secondo le proprie possibilità e la propria scelta, un’attività o una funzione che concorra al progresso materiale o spirituale della società. Articolo 4, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana

Lo scorso 28 marzo si è tenuto, presso la prestigiosa sede di Palazzo Wedekind, l’incontro della Fondazione Bellisario con il Direttore Generale dell’INPS Valeria Vittimberga, con la partecipazione del Viceministro del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali Maria Teresa Bellucci e del Prof. Enzo De Fusco. Oggetto dell’incontro l’attuale scenario e le prospettive future del lavoro in Italia, con le sue connessioni, da un lato, con il mondo della previdenza sociale e delle politiche di sostegno al reddito e alle famiglie e, dall’altro, con le potenzialità delle nuove tecnologie (nella specie, l’Intelligenza Artificiale).

In un dibattito nutrito di considerazioni istituzionali, sociologiche e financo scientifiche, arricchito dalla riflessione sempre attenta e penetrante della Presidente Golfo, ciò che è emerso quale filo rosso dell’intera discussione è l’esigenza di fondo che il lavoro (inteso in senso globale e onnicomprensivo delle relative politiche) sia costantemente orientato alla sostenibilità sociale.

Del resto, una siffatta esigenza si rintraccia a partire dalla Norma Fondamentale.

Invero, pur senza addentrarsi nell’esegesi del testo, già a una superficiale lettura dell’articolo 4 della Costituzione si coglie la potenza del messaggio che i Padri e le Madri Costituenti hanno inteso imprimere. Messaggio tutto racchiuso negli evocativi binomi contenuti nel testo:

diritto e dovere

possibilità e scelta

attività o funzione

progresso materiale o spirituale della società

Lavoro come diritto dell’individuo a una vita dignitosa, che si fondi sulla possibilità di provvedere autonomamente ai bisogni propri e della propria famiglia (con l’auspicabile deferimento del mero assistenzialismo alle ipotesi di doverosa necessità, senza quindi che quest’ultimo si demonizzi ma parimenti senza lasciarlo a presidio unico – e insufficiente – rispetto alle esigenze primarie dei cittadini).

Diritto fondamentale e inalienabile, i cui caratteri sono intuibili già dal verbo che la Costituente vi accosta: esso, infatti, non è “sancito” bensì “riconosciuto”, considerato quindi ontologicamente legato all’essere umano.

Lavoro come dovere, affinché ognuno concorra al benessere generale proporzionatamente alle proprie condizioni di partenza e alle proprie aspirazioni.

Quasi poetico il richiamo ai concetti di possibilità e scelta, intrisi dei principi di uguaglianza e di parità di chance.

Il lavoro non deve abbruttire, non deve esclusivamente legarsi al concetto di fatica strettamente legata ai soli bisogni primari dell’individuo. A costui, invece, deve essere garantita la facoltà di esprimere sé stesso e la propria operosità attraverso attività e funzioni connesse alle proprie ambizioni.

Cionondimeno, contribuire al progresso materiale e spirituale della società è tanto più possibile quanto più lo Stato si impegni a garantire l’effettività del diritto-dovere al lavoro. Di qui, l’importanza di investire in strumenti di supporto alle famiglie (previdenza, asili nido, welfare, cooperazione con le imprese…); contestualmente, mirare alla crescita e allo sviluppo tecnologico del paese, affinché la tecnologia sia di supporto al capitale umano e alla produttività delle imprese, senza sostituirsi al primo per votarsi ciecamente alla seconda.

L’Italia fondata sul lavoro, dunque (art. 1 Cost.). L’Italia fondata sulle energie, il sacrificio, la speranza degli italiani e delle italiane.

*Giurista, Avvocato, Studentessa di Scienze Politiche

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